Abstract as per original application
(English/Chinese): |
詔令即王言之體，其典範及權威性不言而喻。詔令雖以天子名義發出，實際上絕大部分內容由人臣代擬，由此形成了天子權力、祖宗家法、王言文體、代擬者個人思想觀念等交錯交鋒的複雜關係。學界常以道統、政統、學統、文統分論文道關係與思想史發展，但就詔令文體言之，宋朝人臣不可能只視天子為政統人物，而把王言訓誥排除在道和文之外。那麼，
i.) 宋詔令所見因——天子之名——所書寫的思想史是怎樣的，其特色何在？宋代皇權認可的天子與上帝、孔子、諸神的關係是甚麼？
ii.) 王言對宋人詮釋三教觀念，及思想史之嬗變有何影響？
iii.) 宋代最負盛名的「文人」也是當時思想領袖，如歐陽脩、周必大、劉克莊均曾知制誥，他們如何理解王言與斯文的關係？
本研究在申請人所獲 Research Grants Council 資助探究北宋祭文、禮文兩項課題的基礎上，把研究領域拓展至宋代詔令中的思想史。採個案研究分論宋代王言中的上帝（及相關觀念）、孔子、佛老書寫，以深化對宋代王權與思想史關係課題的認識。
Imperial edicts, which were regarded as the emperors’ words and writings, were usually issued in the form of chilling 敕令. According to Su Shi, edicts resembled a role model for people to learn from. This indicates a certain degree of authoritativeness and recognition of being the paradigm. Nevertheless, most of the edicts were, in fact, drafted by court officials. This resulted in the complex relations involving the emperor’s powers, ancestral rules, the genre of the emperor’s words, and the drafters’ mindsets. Discussions on the Wen-Tao relationship and development of the history of thought are usually based on the four principles of governance (Si Tong四統), which concern Tao, politics, academic education, and Wen. There have surely been some meaningful discussions in this regard, but in terms of the genre of edicts, court officials evidently could not regard the emperor merely as a governor and take the emperor’s words as an exception from Wen and Tao. In this case, this project is particularly interested in addressing these questions, i) what kind of history of thought could be perceived from the imperial edicts? What are the features of intellectual history presented through the authority of the emperor? What were the relations of the court-recognized Tian Zi (Heaven’s son) to Shangdi, Confucius and various gods? ii) How did the emperor’s words relate to the concept of “three religions三教” and religious developments? Or in other words, how did the emperor’s words influence Song people’s interpretation of the concept of three religions? iii) The most renowned literary figures of the Song Dynasty were also thought leaders. They called themselves Shi士, and amongst them were Ouyang Xu, Wang Anshi, Zhou Bida, and Liu Kezhuang, who served as zhi zhi gao 知制誥 (edict drafter). How did they understand the emperor’s words’ relations to Siwen斯文?
To respond to the questions, this study, based on the applicant’s UGC-funded projects focusing on two topics of Northern Song (i.e., Guwen writers’ concept of deities and ritual writing; etiquette writing), aims to expand the area of study to touch upon the history of thought in Song imperial edicts. Case studies will be conducted to analyse Shangdi (and the related concepts), Confucius, Buddhism, and Taoism as depicted in the imperial edicts, in order to further the study of Song emperors’ relations to the history of thought.
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