Abstract as per original application
(English/Chinese): |
China has a centennial experience of modern constitution-making. In more than one hundred years, numerous constitutional documents were produced, re-produced, and revised in China. Unfortunately, new writings on comparative constitution-making has not yet significantly engaged with China. At the same time, a rich body of national scholarship in English on China’s centennial experience of modern constitution-making has not yet significantly engaged with the general literature on comparative constitution-making. This project seeks to bridge this scholarly gap by locating China’s centennial experience of modern constitution-making with the general scholarship of comparative constitution-making. The project classifies China’s modern constitution-making into three models: the imperial constitution-making of the late Qing dynasty, the liberal constitution-making of the Republic of China, and the socialist constitution-making of the People’s Republic of China. The project seeks to demonstrate that to situate China within comparative constitution-making scholarship can facilitate a better understanding of Chinese constitution making, and enrich the general study of comparative constitution-making. That is due to three comparative patterns in China’s constitution-making, namely: resonance, variation, and innovation. China’s constitution-making as human’s constitutional project is resonated with the global norms, institutions, and phenomena in constitution-making. But, China’s distinctive constitution-making as elite’s top-down constitutional project induces variations in Chinese practice of the global norms and institutions of constitution-making. In addition, due largely to constitutional exceptionalism, China’s constitution-making has innovative practices which are not addressed in the global scholarship of constitution-making. This project situates China’s centennial experience of modern constitution-making within recurring themes of comparative constitution-making and innovative themes drawing on China’s experience of constitution-making, including foundational themes (revolution, evolution and constitution-making, constitutional replacement and amendment), procedural themes (the party’s role, public participation, and transnational engagement in constitution-making process), and substantive themes (the party in the constitution, constitutional directive principles, structural institutions, and constitutional rights). The project hopes to facilitate a dialogue between comparative constitutional law scholars and Chinese constitutional law specialists.
規劃與秩序：比較憲法中的中國
中國擁有多於一百年制定成文憲法的經驗。一百多年來，在中國產生、複製和修改了許多成文憲法文件。不過，有關比較憲法制定的新著作尚未與中國充分接觸。同時，關於中國近代制憲經驗的英語學術研究也尚未與比較憲法的一般研究問題充分的聯繫。
本項目旨在通過將中國近代憲政的百年經驗與比較憲政的一般學術研究聯繫起來，以彌合這一學術鴻溝。本項目將中國的現代憲法制定分為三種模式：晚清的帝國憲法制定，中華民國的自由憲法制定和中華人民共和國的社會主義憲法制定。本項目旨在證明，將中國置於比較憲法制定的學術研究之內可以更好地促進對中國憲法制定的理解，並能豐富比較憲法制定的一般研究。這是由於中國憲法制定中的三種比較模式，即共鳴、變化和創新。中國的憲法制定作為人類的憲法項目，與全球的憲法制定準則、制度和現象產生了共鳴。但是，作為由精英主導的自上而下的制憲項目，中國獨特的制憲機制亦產生了與全球制憲準則與制度相異的變化。此外，很大程度上由於憲法上的例外主義，中國的制憲具有創新性實踐，卻未有全球研究憲法制定的學者們進行探討。
本項目將中國在現代憲法制定方面的百年經驗置於比較憲法制定這一反復出現的主題上，同時也置於以中國的制憲經驗為基礎的創新主題上：其中包括基本主題（革命、演變和憲法制定、憲法替代和修正），程式性主題（政黨的角色、公眾參與和跨國參與憲法制定過程）和實質性主題（政黨在憲法、憲法指示原則，結構性制度和憲法權利中的作用）。本項目希望促進比較憲法學學者與中國憲法學專家之間的對話。
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